The Viceroy of Kush
The viceroy of Kush was known as the 'King's Son of Kush' (in this
case, the word 'son' means that he is important, not that he is the
actual son of the pharaoh).
He was also in charge of controlling the valuable gold mines in Nubia,
and was known as the 'Overseer of the Gold Lands of the Lord of the Two
Lands'.
Ahmose called Si-tayit - One of the earliest Viceroys.
Served under Ahmose and Amenhotep I.
Si-tayit's son Ahmose called Turo would later serve as King's Son of
Kush. His grandson Ahmose called Patjenna would continue to serve - but
not as Viceroy of Kush.
Patjenna is known from a statue now in the BMFA (see link
to pdf about statue about Patjenna naming Ahmose Si-tayit)
The Cambridge Ancient History.
By I. E. S. Edwards, Cambridge University
Press (p299 and 348).
Ahmose called Turo - Served under Amenhotep I and
Tuthmosis I.
Son of Ahmose Si-tayit. Ahmose Turo's
son
Ahmose Patjenna would continue to serve during the reigns of Hatshepsut
and Tuthmosis III.
A coronation decree exists recording the accession of Tuthmosis I.
This unique document is a royal decree issued on the king's coronation
day to the
viceroy of Nubia, Thure, informing him of the king's accession, fixing
the
full titulary, the royal name to be used in offering oblations, and the
royal
name to be used in the oath.
"Behold, there is brought to thee this [commanded of the king
in order to inform thee that my majesty has appeared as King of Upper
and Lower
Egypt upon the Horus-throne of the living, without his like forever.
Make
my titulary as follows:
Horus : "Mighty Bull, Beloved of Maat;"
Favorite of the Two Goddesses: "Shining in the Serpent-diadem, Great in
Strength;"
Golden Horus: "Goodly in Years, Making Hearts Live;"
King of Upper and Lower Egypt: "Aakheperkare;"
Son of Re: "[Thutmose], Living forever, and ever." (Breasted)
Turo (Thuwre) served under Ahmose as Commander of Buhen. Served as
King's Son (of the Southern Region) under Amenhotep I (inscriptions in
Semneh, Uronarti). Served under Tuthmosis I according to inscriptions
dating to year 1 and 3. Turo is mentioned in an inscription at
West-Silsileh belonging to the vizier User. This inscription dates to
the reign of Hatshepsut. This may be a posthumous mention of the
Viceroy. It's possible there were family connections between Ture and
User; Turo is shown leading Vizier Aa'methu's daughters in procession.
(Aa'methu was User's father).
The Viceroys of Ethiopia by
George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No. 1.
(Jan., 1920), pp. 28-55.
Seni: Served as Viceroy under Tuthmosis I - Tuthmosis II
Under Ahmose Seni served as Overseer of [...] as recorded at the temple
at Semneh. Under Amenhotep I, Seni served as Overseer of the Granary of
Amun and Overseer of Works in Karnak (All recorded at Semneh). Some
time after year 3 of Tuthmosis I, Seni was made King's Son. At the
temple of Kummeh Seni is given the titles of Overseer of the Granary of
Amun, King's Son, Overseer of the Southern Lands. This inscrition dates
to the Reign of Tuthmosis II. In another undated inscription from
Kummeh Seni is named Viceroy of Nubia. Seni may have served as Viceroy
for as many as 36 years.
The Viceroys of Ethiopia by
George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No. 1.
(Jan., 1920), pp. 28-55.
???Inebni: Reign of Hatshepsut.
Not certain if Inebni served as Viceroy. He did hold the
title of Commander of the Bowmen. It is interesting that on a statue of
his Inebni (Enebni) refers to Thutmosis III as Hatshepsut’s
brother [Breasted] There’s a statue of an Inebny in the British Museum
who is recorded as being commander of bowmen and overseer of the king's
weapons. It was 'made by the favour' of the joint sovereigns Hatshepsut
(1479-1457 BC) and Thutmose III (1479-1425 BC), who ruled together for
a time. However, Hatshepsut's name has subsequently been erased.
Amen-em-nekhu: Hatshepsut.
According to Pammiger, sometime
after year 2 of Hatshepsut/Tuthmosis III, Seni retired and was
succeeded by Amen-em-nekhu, a confidant of Hatshepsut. After
Hatshepsut's death, in year 23 Amenemnekhu was replaced by Nehi, a
confidant of Tuthmosis III.
Nehi: Tuthmosis III.
Nehy was commanded to see to the
renewal of the offerings installed by Sesostris III for the gods Dedun
and Khnum at
the Temple of Semna. Nehi is attested at Buhen, Sai Island and Semneh.
Some cunfusion originally existed due to some erasures of names.
Reisner originally dated Nehi from ca year 2 of Tuthmosis III to almost
the end of his reign. The earlier inscriptions probably belong to
Amenemnekhu or even Inebni. Nehi held the titles Hereditary Prince,
royal sealbearer, Sole Companion, King's Son, Overseer of the Southern
Lands, First royal herald, etc.
Nehi's sarcophagus was in Berlin in the early 20th century. A
pyramidion made its way to Florence, and a wooden shabti was found by
Petrie behind the Ramesseum.
The Viceroys of Ethiopia
by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No.
1. (Jan., 1920), pp. 28-55.
Nehi depicted at Buhen
(From: Buhen, By David
Randall-MacIver, Leonard Woolley. Via Google Books)
User-Satet: Amenhotep II.
Henuttawy, the wife of Usersatet was a nurse of Amenhotep II.
Son of Si-Amun and Nenunhermentes
(?). Father of Senynefer, chamberlain at Thebes and wab-priest.
Usersatet appears on a shrine in Ibrahim and is mentioned in Sehel and
on a stela from Buhen. Usersatet held the titles Hereditary
Prince, royal sealbearer, Sole Companion, King's Son, Overseer of the
Southern Lands, etc.
The Viceroys of Ethiopia
by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No.
1. (Jan., 1920), pp. 28-55.
Amenhotep, probably time
of Tuthmosis IV and early years of Amenhotep III.
Known from a single inscription at Sehel. It is possible that an
ushabti in the Birmingham museum belongs to this Viceroy, although
there is a possibility that the ushabti belongs to an earlier Viceroy
of the same name.
Other titles: Overseer of the cattle of Amun, Director of works in
South and North, Head of the stable of His Majesty.
(An Ushabti of the Viceroy of Kush Amenhotep, by
Philip J. Watson The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology © 1991)
Merymose: Amenhotep III;
Buried in TT383. Viceroy of Nubia, also
referred to as King's Son of Kush. His sarcophagus is in the
British museum.
Shown in a statue in
Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Ägyptisch-Orientalische
Sammlung, ÄS 36.
(Probably from Asyû or Manqabâd.) http://griffith.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/gri/s14.html
Titles: King's son, overseer of the Southern Lands, overseer of the
Gold Lands of Amun, King's scribe, Overseer of king's scribes, Overseer
of the treasury, Steward of the peasantry (?)
People associated with Merymose:
Amenemopet, “Scribe of the letters of the king's son"
Huwy, “Scribe of the letters of the king's son"
Nakhtu, Servant of the King’s Son”
The Viceroys of Ethiopia (II)
by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No.
1. (Jan., 1920), pp. 73-88.
Tuthmose - Akhenaten.
In year 12 of Akhenaten Tuthmose was
ordered to put down a rebellion by some of the Nubians.
Titles: King’s Son of Kush, [overseer of the Gold Lands] of Amun,
Overseer of rnasons (?).
The Viceroys of Ethiopia (II)
by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No.
1. (Jan., 1920), pp. 73-88.
Amenhotep called Huy: Akhenaten - Tutankhamen;
Married to Taemwadjsy, chief of the harem of Amun and of the Harem of
Nebkheperure (Tutankhamun).
Buried in TT 40 located in Qurnet Murrai. In the tomb
there is
reference to a Temple named "Satisfying the Gods" in Nubia. Huy is
shown being greeted there by Khay, High Priest of Nebkehperure
(Tutankhamen), Penne, Deputy of the fortress of Nebkheperure
(Tutankhamen), Huy, the Mayor,
and Mermose, (his brother) the second
prophet
of Nebkheperure. Taemwadjsy was
Chief of the Harem of Nebkheperure (Chief of the female attendants of
the
temple) at this temple.
http://www.osirisnet.net/tombes/nobles/houy/e_houy.htm
Titles of Huy: Scribe of the letters of the viceroy, Merymose. King's
scribe, Mery-netjer priest, King's messenger to every land.
Peopple associated with Huy:
Harnufer, " Scribe of the gold-accounts of the king's son "
Kna, "Scribe of the king's son "
[…]. “Captain of the rowers of the King’s Son”
[…], “Overseer of the Cattle”
The Viceroys of Ethiopia (II)
by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No.
1. (Jan., 1920), pp. 73-88.
Paser(I): Time of Aye and Horemheb. Son of Amenhotep
called Huy and Taemwadjsy.
Titles: Overseer of the Gold Lands of Amun, King’s Son of Kush,
overseer of the Southern Lands. Overseer of the Lands of Amun in
Ta-Set, Overseer of the Gold Lands. King's scribe.
The Viceroys of Ethiopia (II)
by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No.
1. (Jan., 1920), pp. 73-88.
Amenemopet: Time of Seti I. Son of Paser and
grandson of Amenhotep-Huy and Taemwadjsy.
Mentioned in the temple at Beit el Wali. Amenmopet also has the title
First charioteer of His Majesty
The Viceroys of Ethiopia (II)
by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No.
1. (Jan., 1920), pp. 73-88.
Iuni (Yuni): Started his career during the reign of
Sety I.
Became Viceroy of Kush after Amenemope(t) under Ramesses II.
Mentioned at Abu Simbel. Served as Head of the-stable-of-Sethy-I,
Charioteer of His Majesty, Chief of the Medjay before becoming Viceroy.
The Viceroys of Ethiopia (II)
by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No.
1. (Jan., 1920), pp. 73-88.
Hekanakht : Reign of Ramses II. Year 8-24 of
Ramesses' reign?
Present at the dedication of the temple at Abu Simbel
in year 24.
(see f.i. pg 95 and 97 Historical Observations
on the Military Reliefs of Abu Simbel and Other Ramesside Temples in
Nubia, by Anthony J. Spalinger
The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology © 1980)
Viceroy depicted at Buhen (Possibly Heqanefer?)
(From: Buhen, By David Randall-MacIver,
Leonard Woolley. Via Google Books)
Paser II: Second to third decade of the reign of
Ramses II?
Known from Abu Simbel. (see f.i. pg 97 Historical
Observations on the
Military Reliefs of Abu Simbel and Other Ramesside Temples in Nubia, by
Anthony J. Spalinger The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology © 1980)
Served as King's messenger to every land and [Scribe
?]...... of the-palace-of-Ramesses-II before becomeing Viceroy.
The
Viceroys of Ethiopia (II)
by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No.
1. (Jan., 1920), pp. 73-88.
Huy: He was also Mayor of Tjarw (Pi-Ramses) and
Messenger to Hatti. Reign of Ramses II
According to an inscription, he escorted Queen Maathorneferure from
Hatti to Egypt. Dated to time after year 35?
(see f.i. pg 97 Historical Observations on the
Military Reliefs of Abu Simbel and Other Ramesside Temples in Nubia, by
Anthony J. Spalinger
The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology © 1980)
Stela of King's Son of Kush
Setau from the Louvre.
On the lower register his wife Nofretmut (Mutnofret) is shown behind
Setau.
Setau: Middle of the reign of Ramses II, probabbly
after year 38;
Buried in TT289. Setau was a son of an official named Siwadjet
and An, Chantress of Amun.
Setau's wife was named Nofretmut. She held the titles of Chief of the
Harim of Amun, Chantress of Amun and
of Nekhbet.
Setau
held the titles of Viceroy of
Kush, Overseer of the South Lands, Chief Bowman of Kush, Steward
of Thebes, Festival-Leader of
Amun. Overseer of the Gold Lands of Amun, Overseer of the Gold Lands of
the Lord of the Two Lands, King's scribe. Governor of the City.
Overseer of the treasury. Great steward of Amun. Chief of the priests
of [....]
Seatu served for a long time and several people who worked for him are
known:
Pennesettauwi, "Scribe of the table of Kush”
Tahem(?)'' Overseer of the priests of all the gods"
Horemheb, "Rwd of the king's son"
Hor, "Scribe of the granary of the King’s Son"
Amenemopet, 'Scribe of the soldiery of the King’s Son "
Harnakht, "Scribe of the king's son "
Horemhebwia, "Scribe of the king's son "
Paser, "Scribe of the king's son "
The Viceroys of Ethiopia (II)
by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No.
1. (Jan., 1920), pp. 73-88.
Setau depicted at Buhen.
(From: Buhen, By David Randall-MacIver,
Leonard Woolley. Via Google Books)
Mernodjem, Viceroy of
Kush from the time of Ramesses II.
A stela from Abu Simbel mentions that Mernodjem was of a military
background.
(From: Mélanges offerts à Jean
Vercoutter, Review author[s]: William A. Ward Journal of Near Eastern
Studies © 1989 )
Anhotep, Viceroy of
Kush, Governor of the South Lands, Scribe of the Tables of the Two
Lands, from the time of Rameses II.
His wife was named Hunuro. Anhotep's tomb is TT300.
Messuy: Time of Merenptah
Graffiti in the temple of Amada depicts Messuy with a royal uraeus.
People like Dodson has proposed the theory that Messuy should be
identified with Pharaoh Amenmesse.
(See A. Dodson: Messuy, Amada and Amenmesse; F.J.
Yurco Was Amenesse the Viceroy of Kush, Messuwy? ARCE 1997)
Khaemteri (Khaemtjitry): Merenptah - Seti II
Viceroy of Kush at the end of Merneptah’s
reign. Khaemtjitry would be appointed Vizier under the next pharaoh,
Amenmesse
Sethy: Siptah.
The Viceroy Sethy is attested in year 1 of
Siptah. Sety is also mentioned on some monuments of his son Amenemhab.
Amenemhab was the son of Sety and the Lady Amenemta(?)iauw(?). Sety
hold the titles fan-bearer on the king's right, [king's
scribe of the letters?] of the Pharaoh. His son Amenemheb serves as
Head bowman, [charioteer?] of His Majesty, overseer of the Southern
Lands.
In Abu Simbel Sety is given the titles: Hereditary prince, Count,
king's son of Kush, overseer of the Gold Lands of Amun, fan-bearer on
the king's right, king's scribe of the letters of Pharaoh, first chief
in (?) the stable, eyes of the king of Upper Egypt, ears of the king of
Lower Egypt, High-Priest of the Moon-god, Thoth, overseer of the
treasury, overseer of the letter-scribes in the Court of the
Palace-of-Ramesses-Miamun, in the Court.
(The Viceroys of Ethiopia (Continued), by George
A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology © 1920)
Hori I, Time of Siptah - Sethnakht
Hori, son of Kama is mentioned in Breasted. Hori's tomb was found in
Tell Basta.
Titles: First charioteer of His Majesty. King's messenger to every
land. Son of Kama (?)of the stable of Sethos I.
(Tell Basta ,by Labib Habachi. Supplement aux Annales du Service des
Antiquitks de l'Egypte. Cahier no. 22.)
(The Viceroys of Ethiopia, by George A. Reisner
The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology © 1920
The Viceroys of Ethiopia
(Continued), by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
© 1920)
Viceroy
Hori depicted at Buhen.
(From: Buhen, By David Randall-MacIver, Leonard Woolley. Via Google
Books)
Hori II, Time of
Ramesses III and Ramesses IV
Hori II is a son of Hori I and also served as Viceroy of Kush. Their
tombs have been found in Tell Basta.
A depiction of Hori and the Governor of Buhen are shown before the
cartouche of Ramesses III on a lintel from Buhen.
(mentioned in Editorial Foreword The Journal of
Egyptian Archaeology © 1963)
Hori II held the titles: King's son of Kush, overseer of the Gold Lands
of Amen-Re, King of the Gods. King's scribe.
(The Viceroys of Ethiopia (Continued), by George
A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology © 1920)
????Siese,
Time of
Ramesses VI
I have only seen this name on wikipedia. cannot find a source for this
individual.
????Nahiho, Time of
Ramesses VII (maybe VIII)
I have only seen this name on wikipedia. cannot find a source for this
individual.
I did notice that Peden mentions the Charioteer of the Residence,
Nahiho, son of the Viceroy Wentawat.
Wentawuat, Time of
Ramesses IX
'King's son of Kush, overseer of the Gold Lands of Amen-Re King of the
Gods, Head of the stable of the Court.
First of His Majesty (i.e. charioteer), Door-opener. Steward of Amun at
Khnum-Weset. High-Priest of Amunn of Khnum-Weset, or of Ramesses" Son
of an unnamed viceroy. He may have been the son of Hori II,
but this is more or less speculation.
(The Viceroys of Ethiopia (Continued), by George
A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology © 1920)
A man named Panaho was apparently scribe to both
Wentawat and Ramessesnakht.
(Peden: Graffiti of Pharaonic Egypt - via Google Book Search Pg 132-133)
Tjeni? A viceroy
mentioned in grafitto on a pillar in the temple of Buhen. The text also
mentions Ramesses XI.
(Peden: Graffiti of Pharaonic Egypt - via Google Book Search)
Ramessesnakht, Time of Ramesses XI
A man named Panaho was apparently scribe to both Wentawat and
Ramessesnakht.
(Peden: Graffiti of Pharaonic Egypt - via Google Book Search)
Also known from grafitti in the temple of Hatshepsut at Buhen. There is
no evidence that this Viceroy is connected with other high officials of
the same name (i.e the High Priest of Amun)
(The Viceroys of Ethiopia, by George A. Reisner
The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology © 1920)
May be placed earlier?: Known from an inscription
on a piece of jewelry. globalegyptian
museum
Panehesy: end of the 20th dynasty. This
Viceroy became
persona non-grata. Panehsy, the most powerful person in the Thebaid,
set up a military coup by his own decision and without royal support.
High Priest Amenhotep may not have been killed then, but helped by the
king, without gaining back his former position, however. A source of
conflict was Amenhotep's accusation of atrocities by the Nubian
soldiers of Panehsy against the Theban population, whereupon Panehsy
received the royal command to leave Thebes and to travel south. Nine
months after the war had started, Herihor's army dispelled that of
Panehsy, the later enemy of state, to the south. Panehsy, buried in
Aniba, can be considered the founder of an independent Nubia.
(See for instance: The Suppression of the High
Priest Amenhotep, by Edward F. Wente Journal of Near Eastern Studies
© 1966 )
Titles: King's scribe. Commander of the army. Overseer of the granary.
Steward of Amen-Re. Great chief of the treasury.
The Viceroys of Ethiopia (II)
by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No.
1. (Jan., 1920), pp. 73-88.
Dynasty 21 and 22
Piankh: Takes on the title of Viceroy of Kush, but most
likely
only had control over the area near Aswan.
(Mentioned in An Oracle Dated in "The Repeating
of Births", by Charles F. Nims Journal of Near Eastern Studies ©
1948)
He held the titles: King's scribe. Commander of the army. Commander of
the guards of the Pharaoh. Overseer of the granary of the Pharaoh.
High-Priest of Amen-Re
The Viceroys of Ethiopia (II)
by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 6, No.
1. (Jan., 1920), pp. 73-88.
Neskhons: stela of the 'great one of the musical part of
Amun-Re, king of gods, priestess of Satet, (female) viceroy of Kush,
overseer of
the Southern Lands' Wife of Pinudjem II
The Edwards Tablet in University College London gives her titles as:
First Great favourite of Amen-Re, priestess of Khnum, Lord of the
Cataract, king's son of Kush, Overseer of the Southern Lands, etc.
Her coffin in Cairo mentions King's Daughter of Kush and King's
Daughter.
(See f.i. The Viceroys of Ethiopia, by George A.
Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology © 1920)
[name lost] King's Son of
Kush,
Overseer of the Southern Lands, Prophet of Khnum - reign of Osorkon II
Hat-nakht, King's Son of Kush, Overseer of the Southern
Lands reign
of Takelot II
Pamiu, Vizier, Viceroy during reign of Osorkon III en
Takelot
III
Pamiu's son Pakhuru also became Vizier and later married Ir-bast-udja-tjau, a
daughter of Takelot III. Another son Pediamonet would also become
Vizier. The office of Viceroy was not inherited by Pamiu's sons.
Ankh-Osorkon, Vizier, Overseer of the Southern Lands,
Prophet of
Khnum reign of Takelot III?
From Basis of a standing statue, from Akhmin.
(The Viceroys of Ethiopia
(Continued), by George A. Reisner The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
© 1920)
Information
comes
from:
- Breasted, J.H. Ancient
Records of Egypt,
Vol3 Chicago 1906
(reprinted in 2001)
- Dodson A. and Hilton D. The Complete Royal Families of
Ancient Egypt,
London 2004
- Kitchen, Pharaoh Triumphant.
- Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions, Volume III
- Morkot, Black Pharaoh
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