Ancient Egypt



Page by Anneke Bart





Kings and Queens

4th dynasty
Seneferu, Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure, Djedefre, etc.

11th dynasty
Kings named Mentuhotep and Intef

12th dynasty
Amenemhet I - IV,
Senusret I-III


18th dynasty
Amenhotep I-IV,
Tuthmosis I-IV, Akhenaten, Tutankhamen, Aye, Horemheb, etc.


19th dynasty
Sety I-II, Ramesses I-II, Merenptah, Amenmesses, Tawosret.

20th dynasty

Sethnakht, Ramesses III
Ramesses IV - XI




Cleopatra VII Philopator

Queens (D1-6)- Old Kingdom
Queens (D11-13) Middle Kingd.
Queens (D16-20)- New Kingdom
Queens (D21-29)- Late Period




Officials, Priesthood etc.
Viziers (New Kingdom)
High Priests of Amun
God's Wives of Amun
High Priests of Ptah
Viceroys of Nubia
Who's who of New Kingdom


Amarna Period
Akhenaten
Queen Nefertiti
inscriptions Queen Nefertiti.
Queen Kiya

Smenkhare
Tutankhamen
Tombs at Amarna
Houses at Amarna

Tombs:
Valley of the Kings,
Valley of the Queens
Theban Tombs,
Tombs at Abydos
Tombs at El Kab
Tombs in Aswan
Early dynastic Saqqara
New Kingdom Saqqara
The Unis Cemetary

Mastabas at the Giza Plateau
Giza Mastabas 1000 cemetary
Giza Mastaba 2000 cemetary
Giza Mataba 2300 cemetary
Giza Mastaba 4000 cemetary
Giza Mastaba 5000 cemetary
Giza Mastaba 6000 cemetary
Giza Mastaba 7000 cemetary

Mummy Caches
Tomb DB320
Tomb KV35


Merytamen


Merytamen on her tomb QV68
Painting after a line drawing by Lepsius

Her name is also translated as Meritamen, Meryetamen, Merit-amon,  Merytamun,  etc.

Titles and epithets:

  • Hereditary Princess, the great first one (iryt-p`t-tpit-wrt)
  • ruling the Harim,        variation: the great one [of the harem of Amen]-Re
  • greatly favored,
  • Mistress of Upper and Lower Egypt (hnwt-Shm’w -mhw),
  • who fills the columned hall with the scent of her perfume,
  • King’s Daughter (s3t-niswt), var.: King's Daughter in the palace [?] of the Lord of many festivals [?]
  • Great King’s Wife (hmt-niswt-wrt),
  • Lady of The Two Lands (nbt-t3wy),
  • Lady of the Rattle and Mistress of the Sistrum,
  • Prophetess of Hathor,
  • Princess-child of Horus
  • whose forehead is beautiful bearing the uraeus,
  • the beloved of her Lord,     var.: the Beloved of the Lord of the Two Lands,
  • [sistrum player] of Mut,
  • menit player of Hathor,
  • songstress of Atum,
  • the fair of face,
  • beautiful in the palace,
  • she who is beside her Lord as Sothis is beside Orion,
  • one is pleased with what is spoken when she opens her mouth to pacify the Lord of the Two Lands,
  • King’s Sister (snt-niswt)

Merytamen was a daughter of Ramesses II and Queen Nefertari. She would have grown up with at least 4 brothers and a sister. From the small temple of Abu Simbel we know that Merytamen's brothers include the Princes Amenhirkhepeshef, Pre-hirwenemef, Mery-Atum and Meryre. Princess Hent-tawy was likely a younger sister.

 
Merytamen became Queen in ca. Year 24 of her father's reign. She seems to have shared some responsibilities with her half-sister Bint-Anath.

Most of the quotes below are taken directly from:
Kitchen, K.A., Rammeside Inscriptions, Translated & Annotated, Translations, Volume II, Blackwell Publishers, 1996
Sometimes part of the text was omitted and for any further information one should of course consult above mentioned publication.

Information about the statues from Akhmin comes from:
Z. Hawass, Recent Discoveries at Akhmin, KMT, A modern Journal of Ancient Egypt, Volume 16, Nr. 1, Spring 2005


Valley of the Queens, Tomb 68
Princess consecrates cloth-boxes to Osiris and Hathor
i. Princess:
The Osiris, King's Daughter, Great Royal Wife, Lady of Both Lands, Merytamen, may she live.
ii. Act of Princess:
Bringing a box of clothing, eternally; consecrating the box of clothing 3 times (sic).
iii. Behind Princess:
May all protection and stability attend her.
iv. Over Deities:
Words spoken by Osiris, Chief of the West, the great god, and Hathor Chief in Thebes, Mistress of the gods.



Merytamen offering meret-boxes to Osiris and Hathor.
Loosely based on a line drawing from:
 
Leblanc, Ta Set Neferou, Une nécropole de Thébes-ouest et son histoire (1989)

Sarcophagus-lid, Titles (Berlin 15274)
i. At head:
[King's Daughter], Great [Royal Wife], Lady of Both Lands, Merytamen, justified
ii. Over head:
The Osiris, King's Daughter beloved of him, Great Royal Wife, Lady of Both Lands, Merytamen, justified.

Statue-base(?) BM 1662
i. Front (twice):
Horus-Falcon, Strong Bull, beloved of Maat. Lord of Both Lands, Usermaatre Setepenre, Lord of Crowns, Ramesses II
ii. Right and Rear:
Hereditary Princes, ruling the Harim, greatly favored, Mistress of South and North, who fills the columned hall with the scent of her perfume, King's Daughter, Great Royal Wife, Lady of Both Lands, Merytamen, may she live.
iii. Left and Rear:
Hereditary Princes, ruling the Harim, greatly favored, Mistress of South and North, Lady of the Rattle and Mistress of the Sistrum, Prophetess of Hathor, King's Daughter, Princess-child of Horus, Great Royal Wife, Lady of Both Lands, Merytamen, may she live.

Shabti figures, Abydos
Illuminate the Osiris, King's Daughter, Merytamen, ...justified.

Luxor, Pylon II, List of Princesses below year 3 text:
i. Bodily King's Daughter, Bint-Anath
ii. Bodily King's Daughter, [Mer]yt[a]men
[...x princesses lost...]
x+iii. Bodily [King's Daughter, Wer]el

Piramesse, Statue of Ramesses II Found in Tanis:
Sandstone Colossus with Bint-Anath and Meryetamen

[King's Daughter,] Royal Wife, Bint-Anath, may she live

Beloved King's Daughter, Royal Wife, Merytamen, may she live


Merytamen at Tanis (Photo by Alain Guilleux)

Heracleopolis
Usurped Middle Kingdom Statue with Bint-Anath and Meryetamen depicted on the base of the statue.

<some text omitted>

right:
King's Daughter, Royal Wife, Bint-Anath, may she live and grow young!
left:
King's Daughter, Royal Wife, Merytamen, may she live!


Merytamen at Luxor
(Photo by Sesen)

Luxor Temple, Statuary before Pylon; Westernmost statue (Statue C)
Queen, left:
Princess and Queen, Merytamen, may she live!

Luxor Temple, Statuary in Forecourt; Southern Colonade, Eastern Statue:
Queen, left:
Princess and Queen, Merytamen, may she live!

Great Temple Facade in Abu Simbel
Northernmost Colossus:
Depicts Bodily King's Daughter, his beloved, Merytamen, Bodily King's Daughter, Nefertari, and Queen-Mother and God's Wife, Mut-Tuya,.

Small Temple Facade in Abu Simbel
Flanking both statues of Queen Nefertari:

King's Daughter, Merytamen,
King's Daughter, Hent-tawy.

Abu Simbel Rockstela of Viceroy of Nubia Heqanakht.


Line drawing (partial) of the scene showing Merytamen accompanying her father.
The photograph showed a faded inscription. It's not clear what Ramesses held in his right hand.

I. The upper register shows Ramesses II and Princess Merytamen worship Deities.
II. The lower register depicts the Viceroy adoring Queen Nefertari before offerings:

i. Cartouches of Queen:
Great Royal Wife and Mother of the God, Nefertari Meryetmut.
ii. Viceroy:
<..text omitted..>

White Queen Statue from Chapel North of Ramesseum.
Dorsal Pillar:
[...Chief of the Harim] of Amen-Re, Sistrum Player of Mut, Rattle-[player of Hathor ...], [...of Siut/Sai]s, danceuse of Horus, ...
[This statue is now generally thought to depict Merytamen.]

Large statue of the Queen at the Temple of Ramesses II at Akhmin.
Dorsal Pillar:
" ...whose forehead is beautiful bearing the uraeus, the beloved of her Lord, the great one [of the harem of Amen]-Re, [sistrum player] of Mut, menit player of Hathor, songstress of Atum, King's Daughter [beloved of ?] .. [Mr]it[I]mn.w."
"the fair of face, beautiful in the palace, the Beloved of the Lord of the Two Lands, she who is beside her Lord as Sothis is beside Orion, one is pleased with what is spoken when she opens her mouth to pacify the Lord of the Two Lands, King's Daughter in the palace [?] of the Lord of many festivals [?] ...

f
White Queen  from Akhmin
(Picture by Sesen)

Colossal Statue of Ramesses II from Akhmin
i. Princess-Queen by left leg:
Daughter of the King, his beloved, Great King's Wife, Merytamen, may she be young.
ii. Princess-Queen by right leg:
Daughter of the King, his beloved, Great King's Wife, Bint-Anath, may she live.

El-Kab; Temple of Ramesses II:
A depiction of an Iunmutef priest and the Princesses Bint-Anath and Meryetamen. Scene includes cartouches and the princesses carry wands. [PM]
Bintanat is termed "king's daughter" as well as "king's wife", while no titles are given for Merytamun . Both Merytamen and Bint-Anath have a modius without stalks, shakes a sistrum, and carries a gazelle-headed wand. They face Iunmutef ("pillar of his mither"), a solar deity often associated with the crown prince.  From: Representation in a small temple at El-Kab. (A. Wilkinson : 117)  By Christiane Lilyquist  The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (Courtesy Rozette)

From the Louvre:
i. Unfinished stela from Deir el-Medina. C 315
The first draft, in red, is corrected in black. Merytamen, daughter and wife of Ramesses II, stands before the deified Amenhotep I and his mother Ahmose-Nefertari. 
ii. Ointment Vase from Saqqara N 465
Merytamen, daughter and wife of Ramesses II is mentioned on the vase.








Last edited: January 2007
















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