Ancient Egypt
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by Anneke Bart
Ancient Egypt |
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by Anneke Bart
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Kings and Queens 4th dynasty Seneferu, Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure, Djedefre, etc. 11th dynasty Kings named Mentuhotep and Intef 12th dynasty Amenemhet I - IV, Senusret I-III 18th dynasty Amenhotep I-IV, Tuthmosis I-IV, Akhenaten, Tutankhamen, Aye, Horemheb, etc. 19th dynasty Sety I-II, Ramesses I-II, Merenptah, Amenmesses, Tawosret. 20th dynasty Sethnakht, Ramesses III Ramesses IV - XI Cleopatra VII Philopator Queens (D1-6)- Old Kingdom Queens (D11-13) Middle Kingd. Queens (D16-20)- New Kingdom Queens (D21-29)- Late Period Officials, Priesthood etc. Viziers (New Kingdom)
High Priests of Amun God's Wives of Amun High Priests of Ptah Viceroys of Nubia Who's who of New Kingdom 
Amarna Period Akhenaten
Queen Nefertiti inscriptions Queen Nefertiti. Queen Kiya Smenkhare Tutankhamen Tombs at Amarna Houses at Amarna Tombs: Valley
of the Kings,
Valley of the Queens Theban Tombs, Tombs at Abydos Tombs at El Kab Tombs in Aswan Early dynastic Saqqara New Kingdom Saqqara The Unis Cemetary Mastabas at the Giza Plateau Giza
Mastabas 1000 cemetary
Giza Mastaba 2000 cemetary Giza Mataba 2300 cemetary Giza Mastaba 4000 cemetary Giza Mastaba 5000 cemetary Giza Mastaba 6000 cemetary Giza Mastaba 7000 cemetary Mummy Caches |
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Thutmosis IV (Menkheperure)
1398 – 1388 B.C.  Famous statue of Tuthmosis IV and his mother Tiaa. Horus name: Kanakht Tutkhau Nebty name: Djednisytmiitum Golden Falcon name: Userkhepesh-derpedjetpesdjet Prenomen: Menkheperure Nomen: Thutmose Family background: Tuthmosis was a son of Akheperure Amenhotep II and Tiaa. Tiaa was not shown as a wife of Amenhotep II during this king’s reign. Several monuments were created for Tiaa at Giza, Thebes and the Fayoum during the reign of her son Thutmosis IV. Some monuments previously belonging to her mother-in-law Merytre-Hatshepsut were usurped and used for Tiaa. Wives:
Tuthmosis IV came from a fairly large family and he is known to have had at least eight brothers. His brother Amenhotep was Sem-priest of Ptah at Memphis. This prince was probably the original heir of Amenhotep II. He is mentioned in a papyrus at the British Museum. Prince Khaemweset was overseer of cattle and named in Sehel graffiti. Prince Ahmose became High Priest of Re at Heliopolis. The other brothers, Akheperkare, Akheperure, Amenemopet, Nedjem and Webensenu, are only known by name and not much more is known about these individuals. Tuthmosis only ruled for approximately ten years, but we do know about several children of Tuthmosis. He had at least four sons. Aakheperure was possibly a son of Thutmosis IV, and he was present during the military campaign in year 7 in Nubia. Amenhotep later became Paraoh as Amenhotep III. A prince named Amenemhat, died young and was buried with his father in KV 43. Prince Siatum is only known to us because he apparently had a daughter named Nebetia. He also had at least four daughters. They are named Amenemopet, Pyihia (or Petepihu?), Tiaa, and Tintamun. The reign of Thutmosis IV. Thutmosis IV comes to the throne after his father Amenhotep II had reigned for 26 years. There are some indications that Thutmosis’s brother Amenhotep was crown prince, and that some power struggle ensued. The final result was that Prince Amenhotep disappears, the dowager Queen Merytre-Hatshepsut may have suffered disgrace. Her tomb in the King’s Valley is never used, and her monuments are usurped by Thutmosis’s mother Tiaa. There is also the former treasurer of Amenhotep II whose name, Amenken, is everywhere erased from his tomb. This indicates there may have been a problem in the transition of power.  Part of the dream stela from Giza. Tuthmosis IV stands before the great Sphinx For entire image plus text see: Lepsius Abt III, Band 5, Bl. 68 In his first year Thutmosis erects the Dream Stela between the paws of the Great Sphinx at Giza. In this stela Thutmosis claims to have fallen asleep in the shadow of the Sphinx when he was still a Prince. In his dream he was visited by the god represented by the Sphinx, Horemakhet-Khepri-Re-Atum. The god tells him he will give Thutmosis the kingship and that he shall wear the white and red crowns of Egypt. Thutmosis has the Sphinx cleared from the sand, and indeed becomes king of Egypt.   Two depictions of Tuthmosis IV from Karnak. (Photos by Sesen) The early years appear peaceful, and there is evidence of building projects at Karnak and other sites. There is some evidence of Asiatic wars in the beginning of his reign. There is reference to tribute from Naharin and Retenu. In year 7 Thutmosis’s eldest son had died and Amenhotep is declared heir even though his mother Mutemwia is only a minor wife. In the same year Iaret is promoted to Great Royal Wife. During the same period Thutmosis goes on a military campaign against Nubia. While engaged in ceremonies of the Theban temple, on the second of Phamenoth, in year 8, Thutmosis receives a message reporting a revolt in Wawat. The next morning goes to the temple to consult the gods and receives an oracle predicting success. He then proceeds South and wins the battle. Inscriptions at Konosso show that the great Royal Wife Iaret came along on the campaign. Iaret is shown at the king’s side when he smites the Nubians. In his tenth year Thutmosis IV dies, and is followed on the throne by his son Amenhotep III. Death and burial. Tuthmosis IV was buried in the King’s Valley, and his tomb is assigned the label KV43. The mummy of Tuthmosis IV was actually found in 1898 in the mummy cache in KV35, the tomb of his father Amenhotep II. The mummy shows the remains of a slightly built man who died in his late twenties. The body suffered several post-mortem injuries, including having his legs broken at both ankles and at his right knee. The tomb of Tuthmosis IV was discovered in 1904 by Theodore Davies. The tomb had been robbed in antiquity and the mummy of Tuthmosis IV had been removed by priests during the time of the 21st dynasty. They had left the mummy of a young boy propped up against a wall in a side chamber. This may be the mummy of a son of Tuthmosis. Even though the tomb of Tuthmosis IV was robbed, it still contained an extensive range of burial equipment when it was discovered. These finds were documented by Howard Carter and Percy Newbury.
The tomb still contained some 34 shawabti figures (some with model coffins), 29 blue faience libation vases (some 4-5 inches tall), approximately 89 vases, 10 libation cups, 50 small blue faience ankh signs, 19 blue faience throw sticks, 20 blue faience model papyrus rolls, 21 blue faience bracelets, 6 blue faience model kohl pots, 6 blue faience model heads of serpents, amulets, and an assortment of other miscellaneous objects. The funerary cult of the King The mortuary temple of Tuthmosis IV was built in Thebes, southwest of the (later) site of the Ramesseum. The mortuary temple later served as a model for the temples built by his son Amenhotep III. It is interesting to note that the cult of the king was still active, more than a hundred years later, under Ramses II. In the tomb of Khonsu in Thebes it is mentioned that Khonsu was director of the lifestock of Menkheperure (Tuthmosis IV). Court Officials
Djaba Meryre , Chief steward of the king [same as Meryre
below?] (Topographical Bibliography -
Statues)Heqaerneheh, nurse of the king's son Amenhotep (the later pharaoh), TT64. Father: Hekreshu (Tutor of the King's Son) Meryre , Chief steward of the King, Overseer of the two houses of gold and silver, etc. Known from a statue. (Topographical Bibliography - Statues) Nefertwah, Nurse of the King's son Menkheperure. Wife of Ay, Scribe of the counting of bread. TT350 Ra, First herald of the king, TT201 Sebekhotep , Overseer of the seal, etc. (TT63) Known from a statue holding small prince [Amen]hotep-merkhepesh (future Amenophis III) Mayor of Fayum; Father: Min (Overseer of the Seal - i.e treasurer?) Wife: Meryt (Nurse of the King's daughter Tia, Chief of the Harem of Sobek of Shedty); Son: Paser. (Topographical Bibliography - Statues) Tjenuna, Overseer of the antechamber, Overseer of works, fan-bearer on the right of the king, TT76. Wife: Nebettaui (Topographical Bibliography - Statues) Government Officials
Viziers:Amenemipet called Pairy (TT29) (Southern Vizier) Continued from the time of Amenhotep II. See above. Hepu (Southern Vizier) Depicted on a funerary cone from Thebes. Buried in TT66. His wife was named Rennai. Seny? (Southern Vizier?) Listed on the website at Digitalegypt (London College) Tuthmose (Northern Vizier) Possibly same as the Vizier who served under Amenhotep III. Amenemopet, Overseer of the treasury of gold and silver, Judge, Overseer of the cabinet, Time of Tuthmosis IV (?) Menna, scribe of fields of Pharaoh (records and collects tax on grains), Thutmosis IV or Amenhotep III, TT69. Priesthood
Amenhotep Sise, second priest of Amun TT75. Mother: Pa'a; Wife: RoyDjehutimosi , Great one of the council of Thoth lord of Hermopolis Magna, etc.) and wife(?) Ia J3. Djeserkaraseneb, Amun granary official. His wife was Wadjrenpet and they had a son named Iri-nakht TT38. Hety,Steward of the god's wife of Amun, Scribe, Counter of cattle of the God's Wife of Amun, Huy (I) , Overseer of cattle of Thoth lord of Hermopolis Magna, son of Bawy B3wjj , probably temp. Tuthmosis IV to Amenophis III, Huy (II), Amun temple sculptor, probably Thutmes IV to Amenhotep III (?) TT54. Ipy, overseer of boats in the temple of king Thutmose IV TT C6. Son of Lady Tuy; Married to Mertseger Kaemweset , Overseer of cattle of Amun, Steward of Amun, etc., (Topographical Bibliography - Statues) Nebseny, high priest of Inheret (Onuris), Probably from time of Thutmosis IV TT108. Wife: Sensonb Ptahmose: Chancellor, High Priest of Ptah at Memphis. Also written as Ptahmes. He was a brother of Meryptah, the prophet and treasurer of the temple of Nebmaatre. They were the sons of the Mayor and Vizier Djehutymes (Tuthmosis) and his wife Tawy. Time of Tuthmosis IV – Amenhotep III? Known from statue in Cairo Museum CG 584 (Topographical Bibliography - Statues) Ptahemhat, overseer of works in the Amun domain, Child of the kap. Standard bearer for the Lord of the Two Lands, TT77. Neferrenpet, supplier of dates/cakesin the temple of Amenhotep III, possibly from time of Thutmes IV, TT249. Thutmose called Paroy, Head of the secrets in the Chest of Amubis, sem-priest in the Good House, Embalmer Tury Servant (sdm) of Hathor chieftainess of cattle, with cartouches of Tuthmosis III and IV, Army and Police
Nebamun, captain of troops of police on the west of
Thebes,
Standardbearer of the Royal Barque. under Thutmose IV and Amenhotep
III
His wives were named Sensenbut and Tiy TT90.Tjenuny, general under Thutmosis III – IV, His wife is called Mutiry, TT74. [Amenho]tep (erased), Head of the stable of His Majesty, First prophet of Onuris, etc., son of woman Riy A stela shows sons Hat and Kenna, Chariot warriors of His Majesty, before Amenhotep and wife Henut , Songstress of Onuris. Bibliography / Suggested Reading 1. J.H. Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt, Vol2, The eighteenth dynasty. Chicago 1906 (reprinted in 2001) 2. T.M. Davis, The tomb of Thoutmosis IV, London 1904 (reprinted in 2002) 3. A. Dodson and D. Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, London 2004 4. J. Fletcher, Chronicle of a Pharaoh: The Intimate Life of Amenhotep III, Oxford 2000. 5. D.C. Forbes, Tombs, treasures, mummies: Seven great discoveries of Egyptian archaeology, KMT Communications, 1998 6. N. Reeves, Ancient Egypt: The Great Discoveries, London 2000 7. R. Wilkinson, The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt, New York, 2000. http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/thutmosisiv.html |
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Comments: email barta@slu.edu |
